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	Comments on: The Strange Case of Sweden in the COVID-19 Pandemic	</title>
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	<link>https://redanalysis.org/2020/04/28/covid-19-scenarios-the-strange-case-of-sweden/</link>
	<description>Strategic Foresight &#38; Early Warning ･ Political &#38; Geopolitical Risk · Scenarios</description>
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		<title>
		By: Nenad Ilić		</title>
		<link>https://redanalysis.org/2020/04/28/covid-19-scenarios-the-strange-case-of-sweden/#comment-11219</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nenad Ilić]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2020 04:32:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.redanalysis.org/?p=26463#comment-11219</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In my previous comment I might&#039;ve failed to explain why do we see a distribution of daily cases having a peak, at all. Imagine that each day you tested people using a specific enough test that remains positive for years after infection, and just for the sake of argument, that each day you test the same number of people. Nearing the end of the respiratory season (or the &quot;wave&quot;), the number of newly infected people decreases and at the end it is at some low baseline. However, the number of positive cases will always rise because it is made of all old and a few new cases. In the end of the season, the ever rising distribution will plateau, it&#039;s shape being sigmoidal.

So, even with no new cases, the new uncovered cases will be app. the same each new day and will be at the maximum. In reality, people are tested with the PCR tests that remain positive only 10-28 days after the onset of the symptoms (even less days in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic infections), Therefore, as more and more tested people have no more detectable viral RNA, and less and less newly infected people are discovered, the curve adopts more derivative shape with the broad peak where the inflection in the first imagined curve was (it is broad because of the convolution with the step function of the PCR-positive time window).

This decrease in the rise rate and the plateauing of the first imaginary curve, or the drop of the second, real, curve merely reflects the temporary halt of the transmission due to warm and sunny weather and the natural seasonal increase of the host non-specific immunity in the late spring. In most countries, the same chain of events will happen over and over again until either collective immunity, natural or through vaccination is achieved, or until the virus loses its capability to infect human hosts efficiently. Some scientists say that it mutates towards the less pathological forms.

If that is true, Sweden might come as a rescue to other countries. Namely, the mutations in Sweden should occur faster because many more viral reproductions are occurring than in other places in Europe. The virus might become benign in Sweden halfway through the next season. Opening the boarders to Sweden would then introduce such benign strains into other countries, preventing the third wave, or causing regular seasons of a mild manageable disease. Sweden might be doing other countries a big favor.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In my previous comment I might&#8217;ve failed to explain why do we see a distribution of daily cases having a peak, at all. Imagine that each day you tested people using a specific enough test that remains positive for years after infection, and just for the sake of argument, that each day you test the same number of people. Nearing the end of the respiratory season (or the &#8220;wave&#8221;), the number of newly infected people decreases and at the end it is at some low baseline. However, the number of positive cases will always rise because it is made of all old and a few new cases. In the end of the season, the ever rising distribution will plateau, it&#8217;s shape being sigmoidal.</p>
<p>So, even with no new cases, the new uncovered cases will be app. the same each new day and will be at the maximum. In reality, people are tested with the PCR tests that remain positive only 10-28 days after the onset of the symptoms (even less days in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic infections), Therefore, as more and more tested people have no more detectable viral RNA, and less and less newly infected people are discovered, the curve adopts more derivative shape with the broad peak where the inflection in the first imagined curve was (it is broad because of the convolution with the step function of the PCR-positive time window).</p>
<p>This decrease in the rise rate and the plateauing of the first imaginary curve, or the drop of the second, real, curve merely reflects the temporary halt of the transmission due to warm and sunny weather and the natural seasonal increase of the host non-specific immunity in the late spring. In most countries, the same chain of events will happen over and over again until either collective immunity, natural or through vaccination is achieved, or until the virus loses its capability to infect human hosts efficiently. Some scientists say that it mutates towards the less pathological forms.</p>
<p>If that is true, Sweden might come as a rescue to other countries. Namely, the mutations in Sweden should occur faster because many more viral reproductions are occurring than in other places in Europe. The virus might become benign in Sweden halfway through the next season. Opening the boarders to Sweden would then introduce such benign strains into other countries, preventing the third wave, or causing regular seasons of a mild manageable disease. Sweden might be doing other countries a big favor.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>
		By: Nenad Ilić		</title>
		<link>https://redanalysis.org/2020/04/28/covid-19-scenarios-the-strange-case-of-sweden/#comment-11217</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nenad Ilić]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2020 03:41:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.redanalysis.org/?p=26463#comment-11217</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[Given that many countries estimate their fraction of infected at more than 5% of the population (some much more according to IgG testing), which for UK, for example, would mean at least 3,3 million, trying to chart confirmed cases and find a peak doesn&#039;t seem to have any ground in reality. This is even more true for Sweden, where the percentage of population infected with SARS-Coc-2 is probably several times higher than in many European countries, whereas the testing coverage in Sweden is very low. Thus the number of confirmed cases merely reflects the extent of testing and nothing else. You test on one day 5 times more than yesterday, you&#039;ll get five times more cases. The only relevant daily numbers are those of the fatalities and of the hospitalized patients (provided that people don&#039;t get hospitalized just in order to be isolated, as done in some countries with people with mild symptoms or even no symptoms). My second point about the &quot;peaks&quot; in other countries is that the afterward pretty sharp drop of fatalities coincides with the warm and sunny weather 2 weeks earlier, and is not a sign that the contagion is contained. To my opinion, there must come several more rises, peaks and falls dictated by biological and climate factors, just as for any viral respiratory disease. I couldn&#039;t find any point in talking about &quot;peaking&quot; as a measure of success or of anything for that matter.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Given that many countries estimate their fraction of infected at more than 5% of the population (some much more according to IgG testing), which for UK, for example, would mean at least 3,3 million, trying to chart confirmed cases and find a peak doesn&#8217;t seem to have any ground in reality. This is even more true for Sweden, where the percentage of population infected with SARS-Coc-2 is probably several times higher than in many European countries, whereas the testing coverage in Sweden is very low. Thus the number of confirmed cases merely reflects the extent of testing and nothing else. You test on one day 5 times more than yesterday, you&#8217;ll get five times more cases. The only relevant daily numbers are those of the fatalities and of the hospitalized patients (provided that people don&#8217;t get hospitalized just in order to be isolated, as done in some countries with people with mild symptoms or even no symptoms). My second point about the &#8220;peaks&#8221; in other countries is that the afterward pretty sharp drop of fatalities coincides with the warm and sunny weather 2 weeks earlier, and is not a sign that the contagion is contained. To my opinion, there must come several more rises, peaks and falls dictated by biological and climate factors, just as for any viral respiratory disease. I couldn&#8217;t find any point in talking about &#8220;peaking&#8221; as a measure of success or of anything for that matter.</p>
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		<title>
		By: Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)		</title>
		<link>https://redanalysis.org/2020/04/28/covid-19-scenarios-the-strange-case-of-sweden/#comment-11078</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2020 16:59:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.redanalysis.org/?p=26463#comment-11078</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[In reply to &lt;a href=&quot;https://redanalysis.org/2020/04/28/covid-19-scenarios-the-strange-case-of-sweden/#comment-11077&quot;&gt;Mikael Jakovljevic&lt;/a&gt;.

Thank you Mikael for the information. And you are right about suggesting that adding regional comparisons would lend even more understanding.
All the best
Helene]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In reply to <a href="https://redanalysis.org/2020/04/28/covid-19-scenarios-the-strange-case-of-sweden/#comment-11077">Mikael Jakovljevic</a>.</p>
<p>Thank you Mikael for the information. And you are right about suggesting that adding regional comparisons would lend even more understanding.<br />
All the best<br />
Helene</p>
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		<title>
		By: Mikael Jakovljevic		</title>
		<link>https://redanalysis.org/2020/04/28/covid-19-scenarios-the-strange-case-of-sweden/#comment-11077</link>

		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mikael Jakovljevic]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2020 16:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.redanalysis.org/?p=26463#comment-11077</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[You have to take in to account that Stockholm schools had their annual skiing vacation week 9. Tens of thousands of Stockholmers traveled to Italy and the Tyrol to ski. This was not the case in rest of Scandinavia or Sweden. The other city regions (Malmö and Gothenburg) had thir vacation earlier. Instead of comparing Sweden to Norway, you should compare Oslo to Gothenburg. Same initial infections, different models, simular outcome so far.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You have to take in to account that Stockholm schools had their annual skiing vacation week 9. Tens of thousands of Stockholmers traveled to Italy and the Tyrol to ski. This was not the case in rest of Scandinavia or Sweden. The other city regions (Malmö and Gothenburg) had thir vacation earlier. Instead of comparing Sweden to Norway, you should compare Oslo to Gothenburg. Same initial infections, different models, simular outcome so far.</p>
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