{"id":17854,"date":"2018-04-16T12:51:05","date_gmt":"2018-04-16T10:51:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.redanalysis.org\/?p=17854"},"modified":"2024-04-08T18:14:11","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T16:14:11","slug":"big-data-driver-pour-lintelligence-artificielle-mais-pas-dans-le-futur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2018\/04\/16\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2605 Les grandes donn\u00e9es, moteur de l'intelligence artificielle... mais pas dans le futur ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les 10 et 11 avril 2018, Mark Zuckerberg, le fondateur et directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Facebook, a t\u00e9moign\u00e9 pendant deux jours devant le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain (Cecilia Kang et al., \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/11\/us\/politics\/zuckerberg-facebook-cambridge-analytica.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">T\u00e9moignage de Mark Zuckerberg : Le deuxi\u00e8me jour, les interrogatoires sont plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res<\/a>\u201c, <em>New York Times<\/em>, 11 avril 2018). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'interrogation fait suite au scandale impliquant Facebook et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cambridgeanalytica.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cambridge Analytica<\/a>une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de conseil en analyse de donn\u00e9es, sur l'utilisation abusive de donn\u00e9es priv\u00e9es partag\u00e9es, sans le consentement de leurs propri\u00e9taires, par le r\u00e9seau social avec la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de conseil. Cambridge Analytica a ensuite utilis\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es, notamment pour \u00e9tablir des profils psychologiques (par exemple <em>BBC News<\/em>, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-43649018?intlink_from_url=http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/topics\/c81zyn0888lt\/facebook-cambridge-analytica-data-scandal&amp;link_location=live-reporting-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Le scandale Facebook a touch\u00e9 87 millions d'utilisateurs<\/a>4 avril 2018 ; Brian X. Chen, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/11\/technology\/personaltech\/i-downloaded-the-information-that-facebook-has-on-me-yikes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">J'ai t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9 les informations que Facebook a sur moi. Beurk.<\/a>\u201d\u00a0<em>New York Times<\/em>11 avril 2018). Ici, les donn\u00e9es priv\u00e9es, allant des contacts aux voyages ou aux habitudes alimentaires, en passant par les croyances estim\u00e9es, de jusqu'\u00e0 87 millions d'utilisateurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 partag\u00e9es et utilis\u00e9es. Compte tenu de la quantit\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es concern\u00e9es, nous avons affaire \u00e0 ce que l'on appelle les \"Big Data\", dont l'existence et l'utilisation effraient et fascinent les gens, d'autant plus lorsque les Big Data sont associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l'intelligence artificielle (IA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans cet article, nous allons nous pencher plus en d\u00e9tail sur ces \"Big Data\", en nous concentrant sur leur r\u00f4le en tant que moteur et force cruciale derri\u00e8re le d\u00e9veloppement exponentiel actuel de l'IA, ou plus exactement derri\u00e8re l'expansion du Deep Learning (DL), un sous-domaine de l'IA. Auparavant, nous avons identifi\u00e9 les \"Big Data\" comme l'un des six moteurs qui non seulement agissent comme des forces derri\u00e8re l'expansion de l'IA mais aussi, en tant que tels, deviennent des enjeux dans la comp\u00e9tition de l'IA entre les acteurs dans la course \u00e0 la puissance de l'IA (H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Lavoix, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2018\/03\/26\/intelligence-artificielle-forces-conducteurs-et-enjeux\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Intelligence artificielle - forces, moteurs et enjeux\".<\/a>&nbsp;<em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>26 mars 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nous allons d'abord expliquer pourquoi les Big Data sont un moteur pour un sous-domaine de l'apprentissage approfondi. Apprentissage supervis\u00e9. Nous nous plongerons ensuite dans les caract\u00e9ristiques de ces Big Data, n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l'IA pour mieux comprendre notre moteur. Cela nous permettra notamment de commencer \u00e0 envisager les impacts et les enjeux du nouveau monde \u00e9mergent de l'IA, et de montrer comment un moteur - les Big Data - peut \u00e9galement devenir un enjeu et avec quelles cons\u00e9quences g\u00e9opolitiques potentielles. En attendant, deux nouveaux moteurs de l'IA sont identifi\u00e9s, \u00e0 savoir l'imagination et ce monde de l'IA tr\u00e8s \u00e9mergent que nous cherchons \u00e0 mieux comprendre. Nous nous tournerons enfin vers ce qui pourrait bien \u00eatre la nouvelle fronti\u00e8re de l'IA, le Reinforcement Learning, qui n'a pas besoin de Big Data. Les Big Data pourraient alors n'\u00eatre qu'un moteur temporaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-woocommerce-memberships-non-member-content\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-primary-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-primary-background-color has-background is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(205,205,205) 99%)\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L'acc\u00e8s pour les non-membres ou pour votre forfait est limit\u00e9. Pour continuer la lecture, <a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/produit\/adh%c3%a9sion-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">devenir membre<\/a> du Red Team Analysis Society. Si vous \u00eates d\u00e9j\u00e0 membre, veuillez <a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-login.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">login<\/a>\u00a0(n'oubliez pas de rafra\u00eechir la page).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Article complet 3105 mots - approx. 8 PAGES<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-primary-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-primary-background-color has-background is-style-dots\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi, les Big Data ne sont qu'un moteur pour le d\u00e9veloppement et l'expansion d'un sous-domaine de l'IA, DL dans l'approche SL. Au contraire, Big Data n'est pas un moteur pour ce qui pourrait bien \u00eatre le d\u00e9veloppement le plus r\u00e9cent et le plus avanc\u00e9 de l'IA, l'approche par RL, mis \u00e0 part la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9former les agents de l'IA, notamment lorsque de grands ensembles de donn\u00e9es ne sont pas \u00e9tiquet\u00e9s. En ce qui concerne RL, nous devrons donc nous concentrer sur d'autres moteurs, notamment l'architecture et les algorithmes, comme nous l'avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 identifi\u00e9, mais aussi, tr\u00e8s probablement, la capacit\u00e9 des humains \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 d\u00e9crire un probl\u00e8me en termes d'ensembles de r\u00e8gles, ce qui pourrait nous amener \u00e0 identifier de nouveaux moteurs et donc des forces pour l'expansion de l'IA ainsi que la puissance de l'IA, au-del\u00e0 des nouveaux moteurs identifi\u00e9s ici, comme l'imagination ou l'\u00e9mergence m\u00eame du monde de l'IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/hacker-attack-mask-internet-1872304\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Image en vedette<\/a>&nbsp;par&nbsp;<a class=\"hover_opacity\" href=\"https:\/\/pixabay.com\/en\/users\/xresch-7410129\/\">xresch<\/a>Pixabay, domaine public - Cultiv\u00e9s.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les 10 et 11 avril 2018, Mark Zuckerberg, le fondateur et directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Facebook a subi un t\u00e9moignage de deux jours devant le Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain (Cecilia Kang et al., \"Mark Zuckerberg Testimony : Day 2 Brings Tougher Questioning\", The New York Times, 11 avril 2018). Ces interrogations font suite au scandale impliquant Facebook et Cambridge Analytica, un cabinet de conseil en analyse de donn\u00e9es .... <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2018\/04\/16\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture <span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \" \u2605 Le Big Data, moteur de l'intelligence artificielle... mais pas dans le futur ? \"<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2568,2497,2500],"tags":[2177,1430,61,2571,1789,2584,2614,2615],"class_list":["post-17854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-china","category-sub-saharan-africa","tag-ai","tag-big-data","tag-china","tag-deep-learning","tag-featured","tag-reinforcement-learning","tag-supervised-learning","tag-zimbabwe","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u2605 Big Data, Driver for Artificial Intelligence... but Not in the Future? &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2018\/04\/16\/big-data-driver-pour-lintelligence-artificielle-mais-pas-dans-le-futur\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2605 Big Data, Driver for Artificial Intelligence... but Not in the Future? &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On 10 and 11 April 2018, Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and chief executive of Facebook went through a two-day\u00a0congressional testimony in the U.S. (Cecilia Kang et al., &#8220;Mark Zuckerberg Testimony: Day 2 Brings Tougher Questioning&#8220;, The New York Times, 11 April 2018). The questioning followed the scandal involving Facebook and\u00a0Cambridge Analytica, a data analysis consulting &hellip; Continuer la lecture \u00ab\u00a0\u2605 Big Data, Driver for Artificial Intelligence&#8230; but Not in the Future?\u00a0\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2018\/04\/16\/big-data-driver-pour-lintelligence-artificielle-mais-pas-dans-le-futur\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Red Team Analysis Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Red-Team-Analysis\/341280995886057\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-04-16T10:51:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-08T16:14:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/analytics-3088958-1568.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1568\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"945\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HLavoix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HLavoix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/16\\\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/16\\\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6886ef37ab2b2804bc70995f4ba653d4\"},\"headline\":\"\u2605 Big Data, Driver for Artificial Intelligence&#8230; but Not in the Future?\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-04-16T10:51:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-08T16:14:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/16\\\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3137,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/16\\\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/analytics-3088958-1568.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"AI\",\"big data\",\"China\",\"Deep Learning\",\"featured\",\"Reinforcement learning\",\"Supervised Learning\",\"Zimbabwe\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Artificial Intelligence - Foreseeing the Future AI-powered World\",\"China\",\"Sub-Saharan Africa\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/16\\\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/16\\\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/16\\\/big-data-driver-for-artificial-intelligence-but-not-in-the-future\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u2605 Big Data, Driver for Artificial Intelligence... but Not in the Future? 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