{"id":18369,"date":"2018-07-09T12:19:10","date_gmt":"2018-07-09T10:19:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.redanalysis.org\/?p=18369"},"modified":"2021-10-04T17:25:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T15:25:43","slug":"hpc-race-puissance-artificielle-intelligence-informatique-puissance-et-g%c3%a9opolitique-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2018\/07\/09\/hpc-race-power-artificial-intelligence-computing-power-and-geopolitics-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Course et puissance du calcul haute performance - Intelligence artificielle, puissance de calcul et g\u00e9opolitique (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cet article explore trois d\u00e9fis majeurs auxquels les acteurs sont confront\u00e9s lorsqu'ils d\u00e9finissent et mettent en \u0153uvre leurs politiques et leurs r\u00e9ponses en termes de puissance de calcul haute performance (HPC) et d'intelligence artificielle (IA), en consid\u00e9rant les cons\u00e9quences politiques et g\u00e9opolitiques de la relation de r\u00e9troaction liant l'IA dans sa composante d'apprentissage profond et la puissance de calcul - le mat\u00e9riel - ou plut\u00f4t le HPC. Il s'appuie sur le\u00a0premi\u00e8re partie<\/a>o\u00f9 nous avons expliqu\u00e9 et d\u00e9taill\u00e9 le lien entre l'IA et le HPC, et sur le deuxi\u00e8me partie,<\/a> o\u00f9 nous avons examin\u00e9 les impacts politiques et g\u00e9opolitiques connexes : ce qui pourrait arriver aux acteurs ayant une HPC insuffisante dans un monde AI, un monde o\u00f9 la distribution du pouvoir r\u00e9sulte d\u00e9sormais aussi de l'AI alors qu'une menace pour l'ordre westphalien \u00e9merge.<\/p>\n

Liens connexes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Intelligence artificielle, puissance de calcul et g\u00e9opolitique (1)<\/a>: le lien entre l'IA et le HPC<\/p>\n

Intelligence artificielle, puissance informatique et g\u00e9opolitique (2)<\/a>Ce qui pourrait arriver \u00e0 des acteurs dont le HPC est insuffisant dans un monde AI, un monde o\u00f9 la distribution du pouvoir r\u00e9sulte maintenant aussi de l'AI, alors qu'une menace pour l'ordre westphalien \u00e9merge.<\/p>\n

Gagner la course \u00e0 l'informatique \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle industrielle - Intelligence artificielle, puissance de calcul et g\u00e9opolitique (4)<\/a>: La course \u00e0 l'exascale informatique, \u00e9tat des lieux, et impacts sur le pouvoir et le (d\u00e9s)ordre politique et g\u00e9opolitique ; perturbations possibles de la course.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Face aux obstacles et aux menaces d\u00e9coulant d'une HPC inad\u00e9quate pour la cr\u00e9ation de syst\u00e8mes d'IA pour la gouvernance et la gestion de l'IA et, dans une moindre mesure, pour la formation de ces syst\u00e8mes d'IA, les acteurs doivent concevoir des r\u00e9ponses. Lorsqu'ils d\u00e9cideront des objectifs et des moyens de mettre en \u0153uvre ces r\u00e9ponses, les acteurs seront confront\u00e9s \u00e0 trois d\u00e9fis suppl\u00e9mentaires : les objectifs, la planification et la mise en \u0153uvre du HPC doivent \u00eatre pens\u00e9s en termes relatifs. Deuxi\u00e8mement, ils doivent \u00eatre envisag\u00e9s de mani\u00e8re dynamique. Troisi\u00e8mement, les acteurs doivent consid\u00e9rer que le domaine m\u00eame du HPC et donc les capacit\u00e9s qui doivent \u00eatre acquises \u00e9voluent profond\u00e9ment en raison de la relation de r\u00e9troaction entre le mat\u00e9riel et l'apprentissage approfondi que nous avons identifi\u00e9e dans le premi\u00e8re partie de notre s\u00e9rie \"Intelligence artificielle, puissance de calcul et g\u00e9opolitique\".<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nous expliquons plus en d\u00e9tail ci-dessous chacun de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments, tout en donnant des exemples concrets pour chacun d'entre eux. En utilisant les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es disponibles, les cas de la Russie, avec les cons\u00e9quences possibles pour son robot andro\u00efde intelligent FEDOR, et de l'Arabie Saoudite, illustrent l'importance de comprendre le HPC relatif pour l'IA. L'importance de l'\u00e9l\u00e9ment dynamique impliqu\u00e9 dans la relation entre le HPC et l'IA nous am\u00e8ne \u00e0 nous plonger, y compris en termes de co\u00fbt, dans la course au HPC, qui implique notamment les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine. Nous soulignons que cette course est un puissant instrument d'influence, de richesse et de pouvoir pour ceux qui se trouvent au sommet de la comp\u00e9tition : les \u00c9tats-Unis et leurs entreprises, la Chine essayant de les rattraper. Mais, par cons\u00e9quent, le concours travaille aussi main dans la main avec la recherche d'optimisation de l'IA pour cr\u00e9er un environnement HPC global tr\u00e8s fluide et r\u00e9volutionnaire.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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L'acc\u00e8s pour les non-membres ou pour votre forfait est limit\u00e9. Pour continuer la lecture, devenir membre<\/a> de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'analyse The Red (Team).<\/em><\/p>\n

Si vous \u00eates d\u00e9j\u00e0 membre, ou si vous avez achet\u00e9 un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 cet article, veuillez login<\/a>\u00a0(n'oubliez pas de rafra\u00eechir la page).<\/em><\/p>\n

Article complet 3654 mots
\n<\/span>Les membres peuvent t\u00e9l\u00e9charger le rapport en format pdf (12\u00a0<\/span>PAGES) apr\u00e8s la connexion<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

Nous sommes donc confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie de boucles de r\u00e9troaction ou plut\u00f4t de spirales impliquant les syst\u00e8mes HPC et IA et leurs d\u00e9veloppements, la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re, l'int\u00e9r\u00eat national et l'\u00e9quilibre des pouvoirs, la d\u00e9fense, le commerce, l'id\u00e9ologie, la strat\u00e9gie commerciale et la recherche du profit, qui ont un impact permanent sur le terrain. La cat\u00e9gorisation facile et apparemment soign\u00e9e du pass\u00e9 est en train d'\u00eatre effac\u00e9e. De m\u00eame, les r\u00e9ponses possibles, y compris les siennes, doivent de plus en plus \u00eatre incluses dans le processus de pr\u00e9vision et d'alerte, de gestion des risques ou d'anticipation lorsque l'enjeu principal est l'IA et non pas s\u00e9par\u00e9 de celle-ci. Cela est n\u00e9cessaire pour pouvoir examiner correctement l'impact de sa strat\u00e9gie et de son action sur la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 et donc modifier l'\u00e9ventail m\u00eame des possibilit\u00e9s futures envisag\u00e9es dans l'analyse prospective initiale. Si l'on r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit \u00e0 cette double \u00e9volution, il n'y a rien de nouveau, en fait, mais la vitesse \u00e0 laquelle les \u00e9v\u00e9nements et les dynamiques se d\u00e9roulent remet en question la distinction nette et surtout les processus lents qui pr\u00e9sidaient autrefois \u00e0 l'organisation des politiques et des entreprises. C'est \u00e9galement l'une des fa\u00e7ons dont l'IA a un impact fondamental sur la gouvernance et la gestion de l'IA.<\/p>\n

Maintenant que nous avons d\u00e9fini le cadre complexe dans lequel les acteurs doivent concevoir leur politique en mati\u00e8re de CPS, nous examinerons, dans l'article suivant, les r\u00e9ponses possibles qu'ils peuvent concevoir.<\/p>\n

--<\/p>\n

\u00c0 propos de l'auteur<\/strong>: Dr\u00a0<\/em>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Lavoix<\/a>M. Lond, PhD (relations internationales), est le directeur de la Red (Team) Analysis Society. Elle est sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la pr\u00e9vision et l'alerte strat\u00e9giques pour les questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale et internationale.<\/em><\/p>\n

Image en vedette : Centre d'acquisition de l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine - Nongkran Ch, domaine public.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cet article explore trois d\u00e9fis majeurs auxquels les acteurs sont confront\u00e9s lors de la d\u00e9finition et de la r\u00e9alisation de leurs politiques et r\u00e9ponses en termes de puissance de calcul haute performance (HPC) et d'intelligence artificielle (IA), en consid\u00e9rant les cons\u00e9quences politiques et g\u00e9opolitiques de la relation de r\u00e9troaction liant l'IA dans sa composante Deep Learning et la puissance de calcul - hardware - ou plut\u00f4t HPC. ... <\/p>\n

Continuer la lecture \" Race et puissance du calcul haute performance - Intelligence artificielle, puissance de calcul et g\u00e9opolitique (3) \"<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18519,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2568,2457],"tags":[2177,2652,502,61,2646,2571,1789,2661,2424,112,2622,220,1042,190,2628,1863,2653,2662],"class_list":["post-18369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-geopolitics-uncertainty-and-business","tag-ai","tag-ai-world","tag-artificial-intelligence","tag-china","tag-computing-power","tag-deep-learning","tag-featured","tag-hpc","tag-international-order","tag-power","tag-processor","tag-russia","tag-saudi-arabia","tag-scenarios","tag-supercomputer","tag-us","tag-u-s-army","tag-zte","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nHigh Performance Computing Race and Power - 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