{"id":23953,"date":"2019-09-16T10:30:33","date_gmt":"2019-09-16T08:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.redanalysis.org\/?p=23953"},"modified":"2022-03-07T16:52:01","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T15:52:01","slug":"vers-us-chine-guerre-tensions-militaires-rechauffement-arctique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2019\/09\/16\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\/","title":{"rendered":"Vers une guerre \u00c9tats-Unis-Chine ?(2) : Tensions militaires dans l'Arctique en r\u00e9chauffement"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-drop-cap wp-block-paragraph\">Du 1er au 28 septembre 2019, 3000 hommes et femmes de l'US Navy et de l'US Marine Corps participent \u00e0 l'\"Exercice de capacit\u00e9s exp\u00e9ditionnaires dans l'Arctique\". Le Commandement Indo-Pacifique am\u00e9ricain dirige cet exercice. L'exercice se d\u00e9roule dans les \u00eeles Al\u00e9outiennes, en Alaska et en Californie du Sud (\"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpf.navy.mil\/news.aspx\/110832\">La marine et le corps des Marines effectuent un exercice de capacit\u00e9s exp\u00e9ditionnaires dans l'Arctique en Alaska\".<\/a>, <em>CPF Navy Mil<\/em>3 septembre 2019\"). Ces man\u0153uvres navales font partie de la r\u00e9cente pr\u00e9sence militaire am\u00e9ricaine dans l'Arctique (Jean-Michel Valantin, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2019\/05\/20\/vers-a-nous-chine-guerre-1-la-nouvelle-guerre-froide-et-la-chine-ceinture-et-initiative-de-la-route-au-r%c3%a9chauffement-arctique\/\">Vers une guerre entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine ? (1) - La nouvelle guerre froide et la ceinture et la route chinoises vont vers l'Arctique<\/a>\u201d, <em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>20 mai 2019). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube alignwide wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JoRjZQ0K7oI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list alignright wp-block-latest-posts is-layout-flow wp-block-latest-posts-is-layout-flow\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/11\/10\/rtas-contribution-amrae-50-atout-risk-manager\/\">Contribution de RTAS au num\u00e9ro historique des 50 ans d\u2019Atout Risk Manager de l'AMRAE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/10\/16\/rtas-expertise-italian-television-channel-la7\/\">L'expertise de RTAS mise en avant sur la cha\u00eene de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision italienne LA7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/10\/08\/houthis-bab-el-mandeb-maritime-transport\/\">Les Houthis, Bab el-Mandeb et le transport maritime<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/07\/15\/mystery-bolivia-lithium-reserves\/\">L'\u00e9trange myst\u00e8re des r\u00e9serves de lithium de la Bolivie<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/04\/09\/beyond-geopolitics-critical-pressures\/\">Au-del\u00e0 de la g\u00e9opolitique : Comprendre les pressions critiques qui remod\u00e8lent notre monde.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/03\/30\/watch-out-saudi-arabia-winner-iran-war\/\">VIGILANCE - La guerre en Iran, l'Arabie Saudite et les Houthis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/02\/09\/golden-dome-technological-frontier\/\">SIGNAL - Le d\u00f4me d'or, une nouvelle fronti\u00e8re technologique<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/02\/06\/watch-out-yemen-saudi-arabia\/\">VIGILANCE - Y\u00e9men et Arabie Saoudite<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chronologiquement, ce d\u00e9ploiement intervient apr\u00e8s l'exercice naval russe de 30 navires de guerre en ao\u00fbt 2019 (Thomas Nilsen, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/thebarentsobserver.com\/en\/security\/2019\/08\/russian-navy-drill-outside-northern-norway-ended-without-smoke\">L'exercice de la marine russe dans le nord de la Norv\u00e8ge s'est termin\u00e9 sans fum\u00e9e\", <\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/thebarentsobserver.com\/en\/security\/2019\/08\/russian-navy-drill-outside-northern-norway-ended-without-smoke\">L'Observateur ind\u00e9pendant de Barents<\/a><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thebarentsobserver.com\/en\/security\/2019\/08\/russian-navy-drill-outside-northern-norway-ended-without-smoke\">le 18 ao\u00fbt 2019). <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les man\u0153uvres am\u00e9ricaines pourraient \u00e9galement \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme une suite de l'exercice g\u00e9ant de l'OTAN dans l'Arctique, Trident Juncture. Cet exercice arctique a impliqu\u00e9 50 000 soldats, 150 avions, 10 000 v\u00e9hicules terrestres et 60 navires de guerre. Les exercices de d\u00e9barquement, de d\u00e9ploiement et de combat se sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9s de la Norv\u00e8ge \u00e0 l'Islande. Les man\u0153uvres de l'OTAN ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es pour d\u00e9montrer la capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9action face \u00e0 un adversaire hypoth\u00e9tique qui mettrait en danger un autre membre de l'OTAN dans la r\u00e9gion arctique (Jean-Michel Valantin, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2018\/11\/12\/militarisation-le-r%c3%a9chauffement-arctique-la-course-au-n%c3%a9o-mercantilisme\/\">Militariser le r\u00e9chauffement de l'Arctique - La course au(x) n\u00e9o-mercantilisme(s)<\/a>\u201d, <em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>12 novembre 2018) . <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, il faut noter que, du 11 au 17 septembre 2018, l'arm\u00e9e russe a organis\u00e9 ses propres man\u0153uvres massives. Vostock 18 a mobilis\u00e9 300.000 soldats, plus de 36.000 v\u00e9hicules terrestres, 80 navires de guerre et 1000 avions. Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, les autorit\u00e9s politiques et militaires russes avaient invit\u00e9 l'Arm\u00e9e populaire de lib\u00e9ration de la Chine \u00e0 participer. La participation de la Chine conf\u00e8re \u00e0 cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement une importance g\u00e9opolitique suppl\u00e9mentaire. Elle d\u00e9montre la proximit\u00e9 politique et militaire de la Russie et de la Chine face \u00e0 d'\u00e9ventuelles menaces strat\u00e9giques (Lyle J. Goodstein, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/nationalinterest.org\/feature\/what-russias-vostok-18-exercise-china-means-30577\">Ce que signifie l'exercice Vostok-18 de la Russie avec la Chine<\/a>\u201c,&nbsp;<em>L'int\u00e9r\u00eat national<\/em>5 septembre 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce\nla combinaison des tensions et des strat\u00e9gies a des cons\u00e9quences g\u00e9opolitiques et \u00e9conomiques\npour les acteurs politiques et les entreprises. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le r\u00e9chauffement de l'Arctique, un grand facteur d'attraction des tensions g\u00e9opolitiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nous devons analyser de pr\u00e8s la g\u00e9ographie de cet exercice de l'US Navy, car il r\u00e9v\u00e8le comment le r\u00e9chauffement rapide de la r\u00e9gion d\u00e9clenche un nouvel \u00e9tat de fait strat\u00e9gique et militaire entre les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Russie et la Chine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"#mailpoet_form-3\">Souscrivez pour \u00eatre inform\u00e9 de nos nouveaux articles (gratuit)<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le centre de cet \u00e9tat des lieux est l'utilisation et le statut de la route maritime russe du Nord. Cette route maritime relie le d\u00e9troit de B\u00e9ring \u00e0 la Norv\u00e8ge et \u00e0 la zone de l'Atlantique Nord. Depuis 2018, elle est devenue un puissant facteur d'attraction pour les tensions strat\u00e9giques mondiales croissantes entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine (Jean-Michel Valantin, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2018\/11\/12\/militarisation-le-r%c3%a9chauffement-arctique-la-course-au-n%c3%a9o-mercantilisme\/\">Militariser le r\u00e9chauffement de l'Arctique - La course au(x) n\u00e9o-mercantilisme(s)<\/a>\u201d, <em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>le 12 novembre 2018). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube alignwide wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nMr1M5HBgPc?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap wp-block-paragraph\">Ces tensions augmentent \u00e0 cause de la guerre commerciale. Elles convergent dans les diff\u00e9rentes zones o\u00f9 les int\u00e9r\u00eats am\u00e9ricains et chinois se croisent. Ainsi, cette convergence accro\u00eet les risques d'un \"conflit chaud\" entre les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Chine et la Russie en tant que puissant partenaire de la Chine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L'Arctique : la nouvelle grande fronti\u00e8re ? <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le choix des \u00eeles Al\u00e9outiennes pour l'\"exercice de capacit\u00e9s exp\u00e9ditionnaires dans l'Arctique\" est particuli\u00e8rement r\u00e9v\u00e9lateur. Il se trouve que cet archipel cr\u00e9e un demi-cercle naturel du c\u00f4t\u00e9 Pacifique du d\u00e9troit de B\u00e9ring. En d'autres termes, s\u00e9curiser cet archipel signifie s\u00e9curiser l'acc\u00e8s du Pacifique au d\u00e9troit de B\u00e9ring. Ainsi, il s\u00e9curise \u00e9galement l'entr\u00e9e et la sortie de l'Asie vers la route maritime russe du Nord. Pouvoir intervenir dans cette zone est une capacit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement importante pour l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine, car les armateurs chinois utilisent de plus en plus le NSR. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La ceinture polaire chinoise et la route<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis\n2013, le nombre de convois de fret chinois qui utilisent la mer du Nord russe\nL'itin\u00e9raire augmente (Atle Staalesen, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/thebarentsobserver.com\/en\/industry-and-energy\/2019\/05\/chinese-built-arctic-tanker-tests-spring-ice-along-remote-russian-coast\">Un p\u00e9trolier arctique chinois teste la glace de printemps le long d'une route russe isol\u00e9e\nc\u00f4te<\/a>&nbsp;\u00bb,&nbsp;<em>L'Observateur ind\u00e9pendant de Barents<\/em>,\n07 mai 2019). Il se trouve que le r\u00e9chauffement rapide de la r\u00e9gion transforme cette\npassage dans un espace navigable (Atle Staalesen, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/thebarentsobserver.com\/en\/arctic\/2019\/03\/warmest-ever-winter-northern-sea-route\">L'hiver le plus chaud jamais enregistr\u00e9 sur la route maritime du Nord<\/a>\u201d,&nbsp;<em>L'Observateur ind\u00e9pendant de Barents<\/em>le 28 mars 2019). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entre-temps, les autorit\u00e9s politiques, \u00e9conomiques et militaires russes ont lanc\u00e9 un vaste programme de d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures, du transport maritime et de la d\u00e9fense pour cette zone de 4500 km de long (Jean-Michel Valantin, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2016\/11\/21\/r%c3%a9chauffement-convergence-des-strat%c3%a9gies-commerciales-russe-arctique-russe-asiatique\/\">Le r\u00e9chauffement de l'Arctique russe : o\u00f9 convergent les int\u00e9r\u00eats strat\u00e9giques de la Russie et de l'Asie ?<\/a>\u201d,&nbsp;<em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>le 23 novembre 2016). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube alignwide wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6Vp1wuAXMxk?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cet int\u00e9r\u00eat dure et s'accro\u00eet encore. Par exemple, en avril 2019, le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique de l'Arctique russe a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 un sujet important lors du deuxi\u00e8me Forum de la ceinture et de la route de P\u00e9kin. Le pr\u00e9sident chinois Xi Jinping et le pr\u00e9sident russe Vladimir Poutine y ont \u00e9chang\u00e9 sur les investissements chinois et asiatiques n\u00e9cessaires pour la prochaine phase de d\u00e9veloppement de la route maritime du Nord (NSR) (Atle Staalesen, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/thebarentsobserver.com\/en\/2019\/04\/putin-steps-talks-beijing-over-arctic-shipping\">M. Putin intensifie les discussions avec P\u00e9kin sur le transport maritime dans l'Arctique<\/a>\u201d,&nbsp;<em>L'Observateur ind\u00e9pendant de Barents<\/em>le 30 avril 2019). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De plus, Vladimir Poutine a fait passer le projet \u00e0 un niveau sup\u00e9rieur. Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la route maritime du Nord pourrait faire partie de l'initiative chinoise de ceinture maritime et de route. Cela impliquerait d'importants investissements chinois. Ceux-ci permettraient de d\u00e9velopper davantage les capacit\u00e9s logistiques et, surtout, de transbordement le long de la c\u00f4te sib\u00e9rienne (Staalesen, ibid).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Echapper \u00e0 la guerre commerciale ? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi, pour P\u00e9kin, le NSR et les d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s du march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en et atlantique deviennent de plus en plus importants. Il se trouve que l'utilisation croissante du NSR pourrait devenir un moyen d'att\u00e9nuer la pression \u00e9conomique que la guerre commerciale impose \u00e0 la croissance \u00e9conomique chinoise malgr\u00e9 la r\u00e9sistance de la Chine (Amy Gunia, \"<a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5626333\/china-economic-growth-trade-war\/\">La croissance de la Chine est \u00e0 son plus bas niveau depuis pr\u00e8s de trois d\u00e9cennies<\/a>\u201d,<em> Heure<\/em>15 juillet 2019). C'est pourquoi il devient si important d'avoir des acc\u00e8s multiples au march\u00e9 europ\u00e9en. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sym\u00e9triquement, si la puissance am\u00e9ricaine ne peut contenir le d\u00e9veloppement de l'initiative de B&amp;R terrestre, son influence croissante sur ce segment de la B&amp;R maritime est d'autant plus importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L'Arctique am\u00e9ricain : fronti\u00e8re ou front ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ainsi, les man\u0153uvres de la marine am\u00e9ricaine dans l'\u00eele des Al\u00e9outiennes recoupent les strat\u00e9gies russe et chinoise. De cette fa\u00e7on, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine rappelle \u00e0 toute la r\u00e9gion du Pacifique que les \u00c9tats-Unis ont la capacit\u00e9 d'intervenir de ce c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la route. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les \u00c9tats-Unis mettent en \u0153uvre une nouvelle strat\u00e9gie continentale de contr\u00f4le<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il en va de m\u00eame pour les c\u00f4t\u00e9s arctique et atlantique de la route maritime du Nord. Dans ce contexte, les man\u0153uvres de la jonction Trident 2018 apparaissent comme une d\u00e9monstration de force entre l'Islande et la Norv\u00e8ge, \u00e0 la sortie ouest de la Route. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/produit\/adh%c3%a9sion-2\/\">Adh\u00e9rez et devenez membre<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En d'autres termes, le renforcement de l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine dans l'Arctique est litt\u00e9ralement un mouvement de pincement g\u00e9opolitique. En l'occurrence, elle r\u00e9v\u00e8le comment la marine am\u00e9ricaine met en \u0153uvre une strat\u00e9gie continentale de contr\u00f4le du NSR. Et ainsi, elle transforme la Route en un soutien de l'influence militaire am\u00e9ricaine sur ce nouveau passage, vital pour la promotion des int\u00e9r\u00eats chinois en Europe et dans l'Atlantique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube alignwide wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/F-LqaDT2P1s?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;start=67&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une g\u00e9opolitique ancienne pour une plan\u00e8te qui se r\u00e9chauffe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En d'autres termes, l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine pourrait se d\u00e9ployer sur les deux points d'entr\u00e9e du NSR. Cela d\u00e9voile une nouvelle \u00e8re pour une question qui dure depuis un si\u00e8cle. Le p\u00e8re fondateur de la g\u00e9opolitique am\u00e9ricaine, Alfred Mahan, s'est pench\u00e9 sur cette question \u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Selon lui, il est possible de contr\u00f4ler le centre (l'Eurasie) gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la puissance maritime, et, d\u00e9sormais, d'\u00eatre une puissance mondiale. La fa\u00e7on dont la concurrence entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine sur le NSR s'articule avec la guerre commerciale appara\u00eet comme la forme actuelle de la concurrence pour l'\u00eele mondiale, \u00e0 l'heure du changement climatique. Et le renforcement de l'arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine est une forme d'escalade des capacit\u00e9s, tandis que la marine chinoise est de plus en plus active dans d'autres parties du Pacifique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il reste \u00e0 voir si cette situation est l'\u00e9quivalent d'un \"plateau\" ou si elle va devenir le point d'appui d'un nouveau cycle d'escalade qui pourrait conduire \u00e0 la guerre. En tout \u00e9tat de cause, les cons\u00e9quences g\u00e9opolitiques et \u00e9conomiques de cette \u00e9volution s'accumulent et se combinent. Et elles doivent \u00eatre \u00e9valu\u00e9es et prises en compte par et pour les acteurs \u00e9conomiques, politiques et militaires. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Image en vedette : Adapt\u00e9 de Cryosphere Fuller Projection (2007) - Auteur, Hugo Ahlenius, PNUE\/<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GRID-Arendal\">GRILLE-Arendal<\/a>. Le graphique complet, y compris les sources, les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences, etc. sont disponibles ici :&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/maps.grida.no\/go\/graphic\/cryosphere\">http:\/\/maps.grida.no\/go\/graphic\/cryosphere<\/a> - Image donn\u00e9e par l'auteur, aucune restriction d'utilisation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Du 1er au 28 septembre 2019, 3000 hommes et femmes de l'US Navy et de l'US Marine Corps participent \u00e0 l'exercice \"Arctic Expeditionary Capabilities Exercise\". Le commandement indo-pacifique am\u00e9ricain dirige cet exercice. L'exercice se d\u00e9roule dans les \u00eeles Al\u00e9outiennes, en Alaska et en Californie du Sud (\" Navy, Marine Corps conduct Arctic expeditionary capabilities exercise in Alaska \", .... <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2019\/09\/16\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture <span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \" Vers une guerre \u00c9tats-Unis-Chine ?(2) : Tensions militaires dans l'Arctique en r\u00e9chauffement \"<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":24091,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2503,1083,2497,1722,1078,2498,2478],"tags":[2864,2404,61,144,1789,1347,2438,2650,2863],"class_list":["post-23953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-americas","category-arctic","category-china","category-environmental-geostrategy","category-new-paradigm","category-russia","category-the-new-silk-road","tag-aleutian-islands","tag-arctic","tag-china","tag-climate-change","tag-featured","tag-nato","tag-northern-sea-route","tag-trade-war","tag-u-s-navy","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Towards a U.S.-China War?(2): Military Tensions in the Warming Arctic &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2019\/09\/16\/vers-us-chine-guerre-tensions-militaires-rechauffement-arctique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Towards a U.S.-China War?(2): Military Tensions in the Warming Arctic &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From 1 to 28 September 2019, 3000 men and women of the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps are participating in the \u201cArctic Expeditionary&nbsp;Capabilities Exercise\u201d. The U.S. Indo-Pacific Command leads this exercise. The exercise takes place in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska and Southern California (\u201cNavy, Marine Corps conduct Arctic expeditionary capabilities exercise in Alaska\u201d, &hellip; Continuer la lecture \u00ab\u00a0Towards a U.S.-China War?(2): Military Tensions in the Warming Arctic\u00a0\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2019\/09\/16\/vers-us-chine-guerre-tensions-militaires-rechauffement-arctique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Red Team Analysis Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Red-Team-Analysis\/341280995886057\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-09-16T08:30:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-07T15:52:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/arctic-exercise-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1609\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"941\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HLavoix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HLavoix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/16\\\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/16\\\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b840ac3537c3f891b6e61a6e559775fe\"},\"headline\":\"Towards a U.S.-China War?(2): Military Tensions in the Warming Arctic\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-09-16T08:30:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-07T15:52:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/16\\\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1423,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/16\\\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/arctic-exercise-2.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"aleutian islands\",\"Arctic\",\"China\",\"climate change\",\"featured\",\"NATO\",\"northern sea route\",\"trade war\",\"U.S Navy\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Americas\",\"Arctic\",\"China\",\"Environmental Geostrategy\",\"International Order and New Paradigm\",\"Russia\",\"The Chinese Belt and Road\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/16\\\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/16\\\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2019\\\/09\\\/16\\\/towards-a-u-s-china-war2-military-tensions-in-the-warming-arctic\\\/\",\"name\":\"Towards a U.S.-China War?(2): Military Tensions in the Warming Arctic &#8226; 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