{"id":35652,"date":"2022-12-12T11:49:39","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T10:49:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/?p=35652"},"modified":"2023-03-28T18:50:52","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T16:50:52","slug":"guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/war-ukraine-europe-weaponization-winter-anthropocene-wars-7\/","title":{"rendered":"La guerre en Ukraine, l'Europe et l'armement de l'hiver - Guerres de l'Anthropoc\u00e8ne (7)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right alignright wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:16.5px\">(Art direction:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/jdlavoixcarli.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jean-Dominique Lavoix-Carli<\/a>, <br>Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Revbyntsi,_Cherkas%27ka_oblast,_Ukraine,_19943_-_panoramio.jpg\">durik1980, <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\">CC BY 3.0<\/a>, <br>via Wikimedia Commons, <br>colorised and cropped by RTAS)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since October 2022, the Russian military has regularly launched waves of missiles and drones strikes on the Ukrainian energy infrastructures. (Greg Myre, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2022\/11\/25\/1138044434\/russia-strikes-ukraine-repairs-in-a-battle-to-survive-the-winter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Russia strikes, Ukraine repairs, in a battle to survive the winter<\/a>\u201d, <em>NPR<\/em>, 25 November 2022). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sB3IwtQh1R8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list alignright wp-block-latest-posts has-small-font-size is-layout-flow wp-block-latest-posts-is-layout-flow\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/10\/08\/houthis-bab-el-mandeb-maritime-transport\/\">The Houthis, Bab el-Mandeb, and Maritime Transport<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/07\/15\/mystery-bolivia-lithium-reserves\/\">The Strange Mystery of Bolivia&#8217;s Lithium Reserves<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/03\/30\/watch-out-saudi-arabia-winner-iran-war\/\">WATCH OUT &#8211; The Iran War, Saudi Arabia, and the Houthis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/02\/09\/golden-dome-technological-frontier\/\">SIGNAL &#8211; The Golden Dome, a New Technological Frontier<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/02\/02\/threat-greenland-us-eu-trade-deal\/\">Impacts of the U.S. Threat against Greenland: the U.S.-EU Trade Deal, the EU Parliament and the Future of Europe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/01\/28\/signal-chronicles-iran-trump-china\/\">Signal &#8211; Mini-Chronicles (11): Iran, Trump, and China<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2026\/01\/21\/us-threat-greenland-when-watch\/\">The American Threat against Greenland: When Should It Have Triggered a Watch?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2025\/11\/28\/messenger-video\/\">Why the Messenger Still Gets Shot \u2014 And What You Can Do About It &#8211; Video<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a result, millions of Ukrainians have to spend the winter without light, heat or running water. Meanwhile, the interplay of U.S. and European sanctions against Russian oil imports and the drastically diminished Russian gas exports to Europe are exposing European countries to winter cold (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/russian-oil-exports-dip-4-sept-ahead-eu-sanctions-iea-2022-10-13\/#:~:text=ahead%20of%20EU%20sanctions%2D%20IEA,-Reuters&amp;text=LONDON%2C%20Oct%2013%20(Reuters),Energy%20Agency%20said%20on%20Thursday.\">Russian oil exports dip 4% in Sep. ahead of EU sanctions \u2013 IEA<\/a>\u201d, <em>Reuters<\/em>, 13 October, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The timing of the Russian strikes turns the Winter season into a (Russian) weapon of massive destabilization in Ukraine and Europe. In other words, the Kremlin redefines the military use of winter that is historically inscribed in the Russian strategic culture (Dominic Lieven, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguin.co.uk\/books\/54322\/russia-against-napoleon-by-dominic-lieven\/9780141984605\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Russia against Napoleon<\/a><\/em>, 2009). &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As we shall see, this seasonal medium is nothing but the intentional transformation of an entire season into a projection of force outside of Russia in an era of climatic change. This is a major improvement on the Russian strategic history, dominated by the use of winter to weaken invaders (Jean-Michel Valantin, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2014\/01\/20\/the-warming-arctic-a-hyper-strategic-crisis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Warming Arctic, a Hyper Strategic Crisis<\/a>\u201d, <em>The Red Team Analysis<\/em>, 20 January, 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/m5cPNPMC1EA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This strategic evolution also reveals itself through the massive reduction of gas exports from Russia towards Germany and the rest of Europe since May 2022. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In effect, from the start of the \u201cgas bridge\u201d between Russia and European countries at the start of the 1960s and until 2022, Russian gas has been used to heat cities and homes, while powering industries all over eastern and western Europe. Thus, the drastic reduction of the gaz exports by Gazprom deprives people and economies of energy at the very scale of the Russia-Europe gaz relationship (Thane Gustafsson, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hup.harvard.edu\/catalog.php?isbn=9780674987951\">The Bridge \u2013 Natural gas in a redevided Europe<\/a><\/em>, Harvard, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As we shall show, the weaponization of the 2022-23 winter is not the \u201cusual\u201d defensive way Russian strategists and tacticians take advantage from freezing conditions while defending the Russian heartland from invasion, that they know and understand better than their opponents. It is something else: an offensive weather force projection upon Ukraine and the European continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Winter as &#8220;force projection&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As it happens, what is at stake in 2022 is a literal \u201cprojection\u201d of winter inside the very energy, economic and living conditions of their opponents. In other terms, the Russian strategists are literally weaponizing winter, in order to destabilize the intimate equilibria and complex relations existing between energy parameters, national security and economy and the very intimacy and wellbeing of entire societies (Sam Mednick, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/russia-ukraine-putin-kyiv-martial-law-donetsk-4bca86846f073de6b1746adf9df13f14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kyiv prepares for a winter with no heat, water or power<\/a>\u201d,<em> AP<\/em>, 6 November 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weaponizing winter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As it happens the Russian \u201cprojection of winter\u201d aims at weakening both Ukrainian society and its European and American backers, through the weakening of their ability to protect themselves from the cold (Nina Chestney and Bozorghmer Sharafedin, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/russian-gas-supply-gap-casts-chill-europe-winter-nears-2022-10-11\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Analysis- Russian gas supply cap casts chill in Europe as winter nears<\/a>\u201d, <em>Reuters<\/em>, October 11, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One must add that this strategy may know involuntarily \u201cenhancement\u201d resulting from the effects of climate change. Indeed, the current planetary crisis &nbsp;has the potential to turn seasonal weather events into abnormal extreme events. (Mark Lynas,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marklynas.org\/2020\/06\/new-book-our-final-warning-six-degrees-of-climate-emergency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Our Last Warning: 6 Degrees of Climate Emergency<\/a>, 2020,).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qCDwHgztFio?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, we must understand this situation in its context, composed of the convergence of the basics of the Russian strategy and of the massive chains of impacts of climate change, especially on the Gulf Stream evolution (<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, Impact, Adaptation, Vulnerability<\/a><\/em>, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Economic degrowth and risk growth<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This military use of a season is made possible through a timely use of its arsenal against Ukraine and by the strategically timed diminished gas exports to Europe, that follow international sanctions. This \u201cdegrowth\u201d of the Russian gas exports took massively place between June and September 2022. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It follows the first spring exports&#8217; decreases, triggered by the Kremlin\u2019s demand that gas exports were paid in rubles. Thus the end of summer is also the start of a gas crisis that prolong itself during fall and winter (Chestney and Sharafedin, ibid).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In November 22, the different European gaz companies and government had had time to refill their national reserves. However, the question remains to know if those reserves will be sufficient in the face of a harsh winter, and if imports will offset the risk of competition between European nations (Elena Mazneva, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-12-06\/european-gas-advances-as-winter-freeze-boosts-demand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European gas gains as weather risks counter high reserves<\/a>\u201d, <em>Bloomberg<\/em>, 6 december 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Winter is coming for Ukraine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During October and November 2022, the Russian military has launched six waves of missiles and Iran Shahed drone strikes. They disrupted or destroyed numerous Ukrainian water and energy infrastructures. Some missiles also impacted urban areas and killed several civilians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Those strikes of several cities in centre and western Ukraine included Kiev and Lviv (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure\">October-November 2022 nationwide city strikes on Ukraine<\/a>\u201d,<em> Wikipedia, <\/em>Max Hunder and JonathanLanday<em> \u201c<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/ukraine-hails-chinas-opposition-nuclear-threats-2022-11-15\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ukraine says half its energy system crippeld by Russian attacks, Kyiv could \u201cshutdown<\/a>\u201d, <em>Reuters<\/em>, 19 November, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mlX9nK_Szic?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the same time, teams of Russian engineers finally cut down the major Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant from the rest of the Ukrainian electric grid (Lilia Rzheutska, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/zaporizhzhia-power-plant-no-longer-connected-to-ukraine-grid\/a-62976178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zaporizhzhia plant no longer connected to Ukraine grid<\/a>\u201d, <em>DW<\/em>, 11\/07\/2022 and Jean-Michel Valantin, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2022\/04\/25\/nuclear-battlefields-in-ukraine-anthropocene-wars-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nuclear Battlefields in Ukraine \u2013 Anthropocene wars 2<\/a>\u201d, <em>The Red Team Analysis<\/em>, April 25, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anticipation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The timing of these attacks corresponds to the beginning of autumn and has not stopped since. It therefore occurs when the cold weather starts and intensifies, approaching zero and then descending into negative temperatures. Thus, the Russian strikes have deprived almost half of Ukrainian cities, buildings and homes of electricity. Citizens loose light, running water, heat and refrigeration (Max Hunder and Tom Balmforth, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/ukraine-setting-up-invincibility-centres-help-provide-heat-water-2022-11-22\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Freezing Ukraine gradually restores power after Russian strikes on grid<\/a>\u201d, <em>Reuters<\/em>, November 26, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, the Russian strategy turns Ukrainian housing infrastructures into a nation-wide cold trap through a literal destruction of the protective \u201cheat bubble\u201d that buildings powered and heated by electricity are meant to be, especially during harsh wintertime. And thus, homes cease to be the place of \u201cartificial climate\u201d, which emerged thousands of years ago from the \u201cfireplace\u201d. Instead they become a \u201ccold shelter\u201d (Lewis Mumford, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/City-History-Origins-Transformations-Prospects\/dp\/0156180359\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The City in History, its origins, its transformations and its prospects<\/a><\/em>, 1968).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Winter strikes at continental scale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, Ukraine is not the sole target of this weaponization of winter. This military use of winter may have extremely serious consequences for European countries. It will put economic and social cohesion as well as, as a result, governments legitimacy under pressure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As we have seen, the interplay of western economic sanctions against Russia and of Russian \u201ccounter-sanctions\u201d against the EU translate into a harsh decrease of Russian gas exports towards Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These Russian reactions and their combination with the strange sabotage of unknown origin of the Russo-German Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipe-lines, trigger a massive energy crisis throughout Europe (Joanna Plucinska, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/qa-nord-stream-gas-sabotage-whos-being-blamed-why-2022-09-30\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nord Stream gas \u201csabotage\u201d \u2013 who\u2019s being blamed, and why?<\/a>\u201d, <em>Reuters<\/em>, 6 October, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EeNfgcjrfF8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The missing energy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This crisis is all the more intense and complex that the European national gas and electricity grids, as well as the national economies, are deeply interconnected. As it happens, for example, the loss of Russian gas intervenes while half of the nuclear reactors of the French national utility EDF are down for maintenance or repair (Sonal Patel, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.powermag.com\/european-energy-crisis-prompts-utility-takeovers-in-germany-france\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European energy crisis prompts utility take over in Germany, France<\/a>\u201d, <em>Power, News and technology for the global energy industry<\/em>, 1 November 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because of the poor situation of its nuclear sector, France has to import electricity. This reverses EDF\u2019s traditional over-production and foreign sales, especially to Germany and Italy. Thus, the remaining power utilities in Europe have to over-produce, while some countries import via pipe-line and ships American liquid natural gas (LNG).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This translates into a historic inflation of energy, transport, food and health prices, while revealing wildly different situations in Europe. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, facing decreasing Russian gaz flows since spring, going from 32 million cubic meters \/ day to 21 million cubic meters \/ day, Italy and giant energy utility ENI authorities looked for alternatives, new suppliers and energy economies as soon as June 2022 (Sofiane louacheni, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/energynews.pro\/en\/italy-prepares-for-a-gas-shortage\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Italy prepares for a gas shortage<\/a>\u201d, <em>Energy News<\/em>, 14 July 2022). However, the inflationary prices in Italy also \u201cheated\u201d social tensions, translating into \u201cenergy bill demonstrations\u201d in September (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/en\/economy\/italian-retailers-put-their-energy-bills-on-display-as-they-fight-for-survival\/2682957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Italian retailers put their energy bills on display as they fight for survival<\/a>\u201d, <em>AA Anadolu Agency<\/em>, 12\/09\/2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The European governments, as well as the EU Commission, sollicitated other countries, such as Algiers, Qatar, Azerbaidjan (Giovanni Sgaravatti, Simonetta Tagliapietra, Cecilia Trasi, \u201cNational energy policy responses to the energy crisis\u201d, Bruegel, 11 november 2022 and Eldar Mamedov, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/responsiblestatecraft.org\/2022\/07\/21\/azerbaijan-and-the-eus-faltering-gas-realpolitik\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Azerbaidjan and the EU faltering gas realpolitik\u201d, <em>Responsible Statecraft<\/em><\/a>, 21 July 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The continental interconnectivity of the European massive energy crisis becomes the vector of a networked projection of the vulnerability to winter cold at all scales in the same time. It is going to be felt from rural homes to entire megapolis. Winter is not only coming. The Kremlin is literally projecting it in the offices, while severely degrading work conditions and service and production activities in industry and transportation sectors as well as in the \u201cwarm climate bubble\u201d&nbsp; of individuals, societies and nations created by interior heating .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, the latter will be sensibly less protected from it, despite the levels of development they have reached since 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This dire situation is all the more possible that there is a major threat of electricity and heat supply rupture when the demand peaks, i.e. in January, at the heart of winter (Alec Blackburn, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.spglobal.com\/marketintelligence\/en\/news-insights\/latest-news-headlines\/europe-pins-hopes-on-mild-winter-to-avoid-worse-energy-crisis-in-2023-72880202#:~:text=Autumn%20temperatures%20in%20Europe%20have,2023%20in%20the%20energy%20market.&amp;text=The%20coming%20winter%20will%20be,shortages%20are%20on%20the%20horizon.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Europe pins hopes on mild winter to avoid worse energy crisis in 2023<\/a>\u201d, <em>S&amp;P Global Intelligence<\/em>, 17 November, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Russian strategic culture and winter as a weapon of mass disruption<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In that regard, this intrumentalization of winter through the destruction of the Ukrainian power grid and the vulnerabilization of the national and European power production appears as an extension of the fundamentals of the Russian strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Russian angle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Starting in the 1920s, then during World War II and the Cold War, the Russian defence ministry has developed strategic concepts that integrate military means with other ones, such as economic ones. This integrated framework defines the Russian \u201coperative strategy\u201d (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/media.defense.gov\/2010\/Oct\/28\/2001330228\/-1\/-1\/0\/AFD-101028-004.pdf\">Transformation in Russian and Soviet military History, Proceedings of the Twelfth military Symposium<\/a>\u201c, USAF Academy, 1986 and David Glantz,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Soviet-Military-Operational-Art-In-Pursuit-of-Deep-Battle\/Glantz\/p\/book\/9780714640778\">Soviet Military operational Art: in pursuit of deep battle \u2013 Military theory and practice<\/a>, 2012 ).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fragmentation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">War is a competition not only between armies, but between the economic, industrial and political national systems behind these armies. The goal is to dramatically degrade the economic, political and social cohesion of the opposite system by fragmenting it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The aim of this fragmentation is to deeply disrupt the connections between the different systems and institutions necessary to a state to wage a war. As a result, the enemy state becomes materially and politically incapable to perpetuate the war effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this perspective, the use of military forces is to fragment the enemy forces and territory (Stephen Covington,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.belfercenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/legacy\/files\/Culture%2520of%2520Strategic%2520Thought%25203.pdf\">The culture of strategic thought behind Russia\u2019s approaches to warfare<\/a>, Belfer Center \u2013 Harvard University, 2016). The Russian strategy also uses other kinds of forces to disorganize the economic depth of the adversary, while fragmenting the economic and social apparatus upon which it depends. The goal is to degrade the enemy\u2019s fighting means as well as its political fighting will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indeed, the recent report <em>Russian military strategy: core tenets and operational concepts<\/em> highlights the fluidity between defense and offense in an operative strategy perspective (Michael Kofman et al.,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cna.org\/CNA_files\/pdf\/Russian-Military-Strategy-Core-Tenets-and-Operational-Concepts.pdf\">Russian military strategy: core tenets and operational concepts<\/a>, CNA, 2021). It also highlights that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe theory of victory [of the Russian strategy] is premised on degrading the military-economic potential of opponents, focusing on critically important objects, to affect the ability and will of an adversary to sustain a fight, as opposed to ground offensives to seize territory or key terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The calculus is that the center of gravity lies in degrading a state\u2019s military and economic potential, not seizing territory\u201d.<\/p>\n<cite><em>Russian military strategy: core tenets and operational concepts<\/em> in Michael Kofman et al.,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cna.org\/CNA_files\/pdf\/Russian-Military-Strategy-Core-Tenets-and-Operational-Concepts.pdf\">Russian military strategy: core tenets and operational concepts<\/a>, CNA, 2021<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">War by other means<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If we use that framework, the Kremlin\u2019s weaponization of winter in Europe becomes a new dimension of the Russian strategic fundamentals. Its goal is to disrupt the depths of the national social and economic systems\u2019 cohesion that underpin the European support to Ukraine, as well as the Ukrainian political will to fight. This supports H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Lavoix&#8217;s hypothesis in \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2022\/09\/19\/alternative-red-scenario-war-ukraine-russia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">An Alternative Red Scenario for the War Between Ukraine and Russia<\/a>\u201d(<em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>, September 19, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We must also keep in mind that this strategy is also disrupting and threatening the economic and political cohesion of NATO and, as a result, of the U.S. efforts in favour of Ukraine. In other terms, the winter\u2019s cold becomes a weapon of \u201cmass destabilization\u201d in a time of energy crisis (Mark Galeotti, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/book\/9780300253443\/the-weaponisation-of-everything\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The weaponization of everything, a field guide to the new way of war<\/a><\/em>, Yale University Press, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Europe in dire straits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This destabilization may become a chronic feature of the European political landscape during 2022-2023. It will work through the combination of the invasion of the interior of cities and habitats with the atmospheric cold, as well as with inflation and energy, food and health insecurity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The middle or low income&nbsp;families with young children and elderlies will be especially sensitive to the thermic situation. Being the majority of the population, they are particularly at risk of feeling that the social contract between them and the governments and institutions is under strain, if not broken (Michael Lind, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/607661\/the-new-class-war-by-michael-lind\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The New Class War, Saving democracy from the metropolitan elite<\/a><\/em>, Atlantic Books, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This will put European governments in very difficult postures. Indeed, they will have to manage recessionary and social crises, even possibly insurrectional situations, while supporting Ukraine and NATO&#8217;s effort (Tyler Durden, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zerohedge.com\/markets\/germany-preparing-emergency-cash-deliveries-bank-runs-ahead-winter-power-cuts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Germany preparing for emergency cash deliveries, bank runs, and \u201caggressive discontent\u201d, ahead of winter power cuts<\/a>\u201d, <em>Zerohedge<\/em>, November 17, 2022, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zerohedge.com\/commodities\/leaked-uk-documents-reveal-govt-war-gamed-emergency-plans-power-blackouts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UK Gov\u2019t \u201cWar gamed\u201d emergency plans for multi day power black-outs ; leaked docs reveal<\/a>\u201d, <em>Zerohedge<\/em>, November 3, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ja3Ql62TuCg?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr-FR&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indeed, the Russian \u201coffensive by winter\u201d may exact a significant toll in lives, because of the vulnerability of populations to the cold. According to a scenario by <em>The Economist<\/em>, this toll, outside Ukraine, could go from a 32.000 excess death in a mild winter to as high as 335.000 extra lives in the case of a harsh winter (\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/interactive\/graphic-detail\/2022\/11\/26\/high-fuel-prices-could-kill-more-europeans-than-fighting-in-ukraine-has?utm_medium=cpc.adword.pd&amp;utm_source=google&amp;ppccampaignID=18151738051&amp;ppcadID=&amp;utm_campaign=a.22brand_pmax&amp;utm_content=conversion.direct-response.anonymous&amp;gclid=Cj0KCQiA1sucBhDgARIsAFoytUsNeX8-X3Bk_Swb6o58qu2oOeXcM862yF4ogJDOurOBAqXbGMW_z34aApt3EALw_wcB&amp;gclsrc=aw.ds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Russia is using energy as a weapon \u2013 how deadly will it be?<\/a>\u201d, <em>The Economist<\/em>, 26 November, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this context, the European Union will certainly have to endure very dangerous endogenous pressures (Silvia Amaro, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/video\/2022\/11\/28\/europes-real-energy-crisis-will-come-next-winter-but-it-also-wont-last-forever.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Europe\u2019s real energy crisis will come next winter \u2013 but it won\u2019t last forever<\/a>\u201d, <em>CNBC<\/em>, 27 November 2022, Jorge Libeiriro \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/my-europe\/2022\/10\/25\/energy-crisis-eu-countries-still-split-by-different-views-on-gas-cap#:~:text=Europe%20News-,Energy%20crisis%3A%20EU%20countries%20still%20split%20by,different%20views'%20on%20gas%20cap&amp;text=Commissioner%20Kadri%20Simson%20said%20the,%2D%20Copyright%20European%20Union%2C%202022.&amp;text=The%20first%2Dever%20EU%20cap,a%20long%20way%20to%20go.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Energy crisis: EU countries still split by \u201cdifferent views\u201d on gas cap<\/a>\u201d, 25 October 2022 and Adam Tooze, \u201cThe European project is now at the mercy of the weather\u201d, <em>Foreign Policy<\/em>, 2 November 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategic meaning of the weaponization of winter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, weaponizing winter also means instrumentalizing the effects of climate change upon seasonal as well as weather changes. Indeed, because of climate change, the thermic radiant of seasons becomes increasingly irregular. For example, the current trend of the evolution of cold temperatures see them happening later in the winter season than thirty years ago (Jacob Dykes, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/geographical.co.uk\/climate-change\/as-the-world-warms-the-seasons-are-shifting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">As the world warms, seasons are shifting<\/a>\u201d, <em>Geographical<\/em>, 7 May, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, if this seems like good news in the face of the strategic use of winter, one must keep in mind that weather events are leaving their normal intensity envelop. Because of climate change, they tend to go to the extremes (David Wallace Wells,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/586541\/the-uninhabitable-earth-by-david-wallace-wells\/\">The Uninhabitable Earth, Life after Warming<\/a>, 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, the disorganization of the Arctic jet stream induces arctic air breaks. Those have the potential to cross entire continental regions. Those \u201cpolar vortex\u201d immerge regions adapted to mild oceanic weather or to harsher continental weather to extreme thermic situations that inflict heavy damages. It was the case, for example, in Texas in January 2021 (Jean-Michel Valantin, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/03\/16\/losing-texas-to-climate-change-and-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Losing Texas to Climate Change and Covid 19 ?<\/a>\u201d, <em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>, March 16, 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cold winds as bombing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This danger is accentuated by the current slowdown of the Gulf Stream. This Atlantic ocean current vehicles heat in less regular way, thus entailing a greater European vulnerability to cold winters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From a strategic point of view, this means that the <strong>Kremlin is potentially leading a revolution in geopolitical and military affairs<\/strong>. It does so by further developing the weaponization of a season. As it happens, as we have seen since our first research with <em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>, climate change inflicts systems of impacts that have the characteristics and the consequences of a global \u201chyper siege\u201d\u2019 (Jean-Michel Valantin \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2014\/03\/31\/hyper-siege-climate-change-versus-u-s-national-security\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hyper Siege: Climate change versus U.S National security<\/a>\u201d,<em>The Red Team Analysis Society<\/em>&nbsp;, March 31 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, as the Kremlin weakens or even destroys the thermic defense systems against cold that power utilities and grid are, the hyper siege is turned by the Russian strategy into a \u201chyper assault\u201d. And the assault has begun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means that, potentially, \u201cclimate strategies\u201d are emerging and become new dimensions of the management of the current and certainly coming conflicts of a multipolar world on a changing planet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Direction artistique : Jean-Dominique Lavoix-Carli, Photo : durik1980, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons, coloris\u00e9 et recadr\u00e9 par RTAS) Depuis octobre 2022, l'arm\u00e9e russe lance r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des vagues de frappes de missiles et de drones sur les infrastructures \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques ukrainiennes. (Greg Myre, \"Russia strikes, Ukraine repairs, in a battle to survive the winter\", NPR, 25 novembre 2022). En tant que ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/war-ukraine-europe-weaponization-winter-anthropocene-wars-7\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture <span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \" La guerre en Ukraine, l'Europe et l'armement de l'hiver - Guerres de l'Anthropoc\u00e8ne (7) \"<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":35708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1722,2860],"tags":[721,81,1789,2560,220,1229,2409,522],"class_list":["post-35652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environmental-geostrategy","category-featured","tag-energy-security","tag-europe","tag-featured","tag-open-access","tag-russia","tag-strategy","tag-ukraine","tag-war","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>War in Ukraine, Europe, and the Weaponization of Winter \u2013 Anthropocene Wars (7) &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"War in Ukraine, Europe, and the Weaponization of Winter \u2013 Anthropocene Wars (7) &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Art direction:&nbsp;Jean-Dominique Lavoix-Carli, Photo: durik1980, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons, colorised and cropped by RTAS) Since October 2022, the Russian military has regularly launched waves of missiles and drones strikes on the Ukrainian energy infrastructures. (Greg Myre, \u201cRussia strikes, Ukraine repairs, in a battle to survive the winter\u201d, NPR, 25 November 2022). As a &hellip; Continuer la lecture \u00ab\u00a0War in Ukraine, Europe, and the Weaponization of Winter \u2013 Anthropocene Wars (7)\u00a0\u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Red Team Analysis Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Red-Team-Analysis\/341280995886057\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-12T10:49:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-28T16:50:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Revbyntsi_Cherkaska_oblast_Ukraine_19943_-_panoramio-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HLavoix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HLavoix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/fr\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/12\\\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/fr\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/12\\\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b840ac3537c3f891b6e61a6e559775fe\"},\"headline\":\"War in Ukraine, Europe, and the Weaponization of Winter \u2013 Anthropocene Wars (7)\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-12T10:49:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-28T16:50:52+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/fr\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/12\\\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2931,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/fr\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/12\\\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/Revbyntsi_Cherkaska_oblast_Ukraine_19943_-_panoramio-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"energy security\",\"Europe\",\"featured\",\"Open Access\",\"Russia\",\"strategy\",\"Ukraine\",\"war\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Environmental Geostrategy\",\"Featured\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/fr\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/12\\\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/fr\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/12\\\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/fr\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/12\\\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\\\/\",\"name\":\"War in Ukraine, Europe, and the Weaponization of Winter \u2013 Anthropocene Wars (7) &#8226; 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Views expressed are their own. He is specialised in strategic studies and defense sociology with a focus on environmental geostrategy. He is the author of \\\"Menace climatique sur l\u2019ordre mondial\\\" (Climatic threat on the world order), \\\"Ecologie et gouvernance mondiale\\\" (Ecology and world governance), \\\"Guerre et Nature, l\u2019Am\u00e9rique pr\u00e9pare la guerre du climat, \\\"(War and nature: America gets ready for climate war) and of \\\"Hollywood, the Pentagon and Washington\\\".\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/jeanmichelvalantin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"La guerre en Ukraine, l'Europe et l'utilisation de l'hiver comme arme \u2013 Les guerres de l'Anthropoc\u00e8ne (7) \u2022 The Red Team Analysis Society","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"War in Ukraine, Europe, and the Weaponization of Winter \u2013 Anthropocene Wars (7) &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society","og_description":"(Art direction:&nbsp;Jean-Dominique Lavoix-Carli, Photo: durik1980, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons, colorised and cropped by RTAS) Since October 2022, the Russian military has regularly launched waves of missiles and drones strikes on the Ukrainian energy infrastructures. (Greg Myre, \u201cRussia strikes, Ukraine repairs, in a battle to survive the winter\u201d, NPR, 25 November 2022). As a &hellip; Continuer la lecture \u00ab\u00a0War in Ukraine, Europe, and the Weaponization of Winter \u2013 Anthropocene Wars (7)\u00a0\u00bb","og_url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/","og_site_name":"The Red Team Analysis Society","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Red-Team-Analysis\/341280995886057","article_published_time":"2022-12-12T10:49:39+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-03-28T16:50:52+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":768,"url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Revbyntsi_Cherkaska_oblast_Ukraine_19943_-_panoramio-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HLavoix","twitter_site":"@HLavoix","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"13 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/"},"author":{"name":"Dr Jean-Michel Valantin (PhD Paris)","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#\/schema\/person\/b840ac3537c3f891b6e61a6e559775fe"},"headline":"War in Ukraine, Europe, and the Weaponization of Winter \u2013 Anthropocene Wars (7)","datePublished":"2022-12-12T10:49:39+00:00","dateModified":"2023-03-28T16:50:52+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/"},"wordCount":2931,"commentCount":2,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Revbyntsi_Cherkaska_oblast_Ukraine_19943_-_panoramio-1.jpg","keywords":["energy security","Europe","featured","Open Access","Russia","strategy","Ukraine","war"],"articleSection":["Environmental Geostrategy","Featured"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/","url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/","name":"La guerre en Ukraine, l'Europe et l'utilisation de l'hiver comme arme \u2013 Les guerres de l'Anthropoc\u00e8ne (7) \u2022 The Red Team Analysis Society","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Revbyntsi_Cherkaska_oblast_Ukraine_19943_-_panoramio-1.jpg","datePublished":"2022-12-12T10:49:39+00:00","dateModified":"2023-03-28T16:50:52+00:00","inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/fr\/2022\/12\/12\/guerre-ukraine-europe-militarisation-hiver-guerres-anthropocene-7\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Revbyntsi_Cherkaska_oblast_Ukraine_19943_-_panoramio-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Revbyntsi_Cherkaska_oblast_Ukraine_19943_-_panoramio-1.jpg","width":1024,"height":768,"caption":"Colorised and cropped by RTAS - 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