{"id":30326,"date":"2021-09-27T17:28:14","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T15:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/?p=30326"},"modified":"2021-09-27T17:31:26","modified_gmt":"2021-09-27T15:31:26","slug":"%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%af%b9%e7%be%8e%e5%9b%bd%e5%9b%bd%e9%99%85%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e7%9a%84%e7%9c%8b%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right alignright wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:16.5px\">(Art design: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/%E2%9C%B8-jean-dominique-lavoix-carli-359958181\/\" target=\"_blank\"> Jean-Dominique Lavoix-Carli)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">The relationships between the two superpowers, the U.S. and China, dominate the international world. Here, we look at the way <meta charset=\"utf-8\">China perceives American foreign relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How the U.S. perceives China and how much the former sees the latter as a threat, what this will entail in terms of future American actions and the impacts on the world and for individual actors are the topics of many articles and analyses. Patrick Wintour interestingly presents such analyses in his article &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/sep\/22\/is-china-accelerating-plan-supplant-us-top-superpower\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Is China stepping up its ambition to supplant US as top superpower?<\/a>&#8221; (<em>The Guardian<\/em>, 22 September 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list alignright wp-block-latest-posts is-layout-flow wp-block-latest-posts-is-layout-flow\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/10\/16\/rtas-expertise-italian-television-channel-la7\/\">RTAS Expertise Highlighted on Italian Television Channel LA7<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/10\/08\/houthis-bab-el-mandeb-maritime-transport\/\">The Houthis, Bab el-Mandeb, and Maritime Transport<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/07\/15\/mystery-bolivia-lithium-reserves\/\">The Strange Mystery of Bolivia&#8217;s Lithium Reserves<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/04\/09\/beyond-geopolitics-critical-pressures\/\">Beyond Geopolitics: Understanding the Critical Pressures Reshaping Our World.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/03\/30\/watch-out-saudi-arabia-winner-iran-war\/\">WATCH OUT &#8211; The Iran War, Saudi Arabia, and the Houthis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/02\/09\/golden-dome-technological-frontier\/\">SIGNAL &#8211; The Golden Dome, a New Technological Frontier<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/02\/06\/watch-out-yemen-saudi-arabia\/\">WATCH OUT &#8211; Yemen and Saudi Arabia<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/02\/02\/threat-greenland-us-eu-trade-deal\/\">Impacts of the U.S. Threat against Greenland: the U.S.-EU Trade Deal, the EU Parliament and the Future of Europe<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, <meta charset=\"utf-8\">as the third decade of the 21st century dawns, <meta charset=\"utf-8\">we are facing not one but two extremely powerful actors on the world stage. Thus, we cannot stop at U.S.&#8217; perceptions of China. We must also look at the reverse, China&#8217;s perceptions of the U.S. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the purpose of this article, which focuses upon the way China perceives American foreign relations and international politics. We thus seek to understand the Chinese perception of the American world order. In a first part, we explain why perceptions matter in international politics and how understanding the perception of each actor is key for creating a valid international position and course of action. We then give instances of the way China conceptualises international politics. Finally, using the fact that visions and perceptions are historically constructed, we argue that China uses its own understanding of the international world to decrypt American international actions and decipher the U.S. vision of international politics. It is then within this framework for understanding that China will understand and assess American international relations and devise its own actions and reactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perceptions in international politics: why does it matter?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A key approach in strategy and international relations&#8217; analysis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At least since Jervis published his seminal book <em>Perception and Misperception in International Politics<\/em> in 1976, perceptions have been commonly used in international politics and foreign relations and recognised as very important indeed. Likewise, through taking into account biases and seeking to mitigate them, perceptions are a key part of intelligence and strategic foresight and warning analysis (see our course <a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/online-course-mitigating-biases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mitigating Biases<\/a> as well as our course on <a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/product\/online-course-geopolitical-risks-and-crisis-anticipation-analytical-model-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Analytical Modeling<\/a>). The practice of <a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/about-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">red teaming<\/a> and red team analysis is nothing else that taking the point of view of the enemy, and, by extension, of other actors. As a result, red teaming means fundamentally being able to perceive the world as others do. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can also argue that considering the perceptions of others is much older, and a fundamental part of strategy, politics and international affairs. For example, how the other thinks thus perceives the world is part of Sun Tzu &#8216;s advice in <em><a href=\"http:\/\/classics.mit.edu\/Tzu\/artwar.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Art of War<\/a><\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;If you know the enemy and know yourself,&nbsp;you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself&nbsp;but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat.&nbsp;If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every&nbsp;battle.&#8221;<\/p><cite><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Sun Tzu, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/classics.mit.edu\/Tzu\/artwar.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Art of War<\/a><\/em>, III. (Attack by Stratagem), 18.<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Using perceptions <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hence perceptions, knowing and understanding who is perceiving what, is absolutely vital for students and analysts of international politics writ large.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list alignright related wp-block-latest-posts is-layout-flow wp-block-latest-posts-is-layout-flow\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/10\/08\/houthis-bab-el-mandeb-maritime-transport\/\">The Houthis, Bab el-Mandeb, and Maritime Transport<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/04\/09\/beyond-geopolitics-critical-pressures\/\">Beyond Geopolitics: Understanding the Critical Pressures Reshaping Our World.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/03\/30\/watch-out-saudi-arabia-winner-iran-war\/\">WATCH OUT &#8211; The Iran War, Saudi Arabia, and the Houthis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/02\/02\/threat-greenland-us-eu-trade-deal\/\">Impacts of the U.S. Threat against Greenland: the U.S.-EU Trade Deal, the EU Parliament and the Future of Europe<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2026\/01\/21\/us-threat-greenland-when-watch\/\">The American Threat against Greenland: When Should It Have Triggered a Watch?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2025\/11\/21\/real-war-us-china-video\/\">The Real War: U.S. vs. China &#8211; Video<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2025\/11\/19\/trump-geopolitics-us-china-war-latin-america-caribbean\/\">Trump geopolitics (3) &#8211; Towards the US-China war in Latin America and the Caribbean ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2025\/03\/24\/ai-at-war-us-china-drone-and-robot-race\/\">AI at War (4): The US-China Drone and Robot Race<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The logic of perceptions in foreign relations and international politics runs as follows. To act in the world and achieve your vision and objectives, you need notably to anticipate what others will do. To do so, you must understand how these others perceive the world, besides knowing their objectives. The others behave similarly to decide about their actions. Once you have done this fundamental analysis, then you consider all other elements of power, including capabilities, and perception thereof.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then, out of the resulting interactions a new situation evolves, which is also understood according to perceptions. The revision of perceptual models is very rare indeed (e.g. see Anderson,<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Craig A., Mark R. Lepper, and Lee Ross,&nbsp;&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nifc.gov\/PUBLICATIONS\/acc_invest_march2010\/speakers\/Belief%20Perseverance.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Perseverance of Social Theories: The Role of Explanation in the Persistence of Discredited Information<\/a>&#8220;, <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, <\/em>1980, Vol. 39, No.6, 1037-1049; Online Course on <meta charset=\"utf-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/online-course-mitigating-biases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mitigating biases<\/a>, Online Course on <a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/product\/online-course-geopolitical-risks-and-crisis-anticipation-analytical-model-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Analytical Modeling<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a result, and as highlighted by Sun Tzu, if you understand how actors perceive the world, then you are one step closer to be able to properly understand them, to anticipate their actions and thus to achieve your own objectives and then vision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Without this perception, you are most likely to make mistakes and to fail to achieve your objectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hence, considering China&#8217;s increasing weight in the 21st century world, as well as the tension and competition between the U.S. and China, it is crucial, for all actors, to consider Chinese perceptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">China&#8217;s typical perception of the international order<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Tribute System<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since the masterful work by <meta charset=\"utf-8\">John \u039a. Fairbank, &#8220;A Preliminary Framework&#8221; and the corresponding edited effort <em>The Chinese World Order: Traditional China\u2019s Foreign Relations<\/em> (ed. <meta charset=\"utf-8\">John \u039a. Fairbank, 1968), the so called &#8220;Tribute System&#8221; plays a center role in our understanding of the way China organised and still organises its foreign relations, as grounded in this traditional Chinese World Order. Scholars will agree with, tend to disagree with, and amend the framework offered by Fairbank (see bibliography for selected examples). Nonetheless this framework remains central.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1568\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-1568x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30365\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-1568x205.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-500x65.jpg 500w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-768x100.jpg 768w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-1536x201.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-2048x268.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-18x2.jpg 18w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-1320x173.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-250x33.jpg 250w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offerings-Tang-1038x136.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\" \/><figcaption>Portraits of Periodical Offering (Chinese official tributary documentary paintings) &#8211; Tang Dynasty: <em>The Gathering of Kings<\/em>&nbsp;(\u738b\u6703\u5716), by Yan Liben (\u95bb\u7acb\u672c, 601-673 CE) &#8211; Click here to access on <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BE_%E5%94%90%E9%98%8E%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC_(annotations).jpg#\/media\/File:%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BE_%E5%94%90%E9%98%8E%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC_(annotations).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikimedia Media Viewe<\/a>r or here for<a href=\"https:\/\/zoomviewer.toolforge.org\/index.php?f=%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BE%20%E5%94%90%E9%98%8E%E7%AB%8B%E6%9C%AC%20(annotations).jpg&amp;flash=no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Zoom Media Viewer<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Fairbank (ibid. p.108), the Chinese world order is a sino-centric hierarchical framework, historically constructed, expressed and informed by a set of practices and ideas that define the relations between China and the rest of the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the heart of the system, we find China, Zhong Guo (\u4e2d\u570b\/\u4e2d\u56fd, the Central State, the Middle Kingdom). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Countries are then ordered according to concentric circles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first circle is composed of :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;&#8230; the Sinic Zone, consisting of the most nearby and culturally similar tributaries, Korea and Vietnam, parts of which had anciently been ruled within the Chinese empire and also the Liu-ch&#8217;iu (Ryukyu) Islands and, at brief times, Japan.&#8221;<\/p><cite><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Fairbank, &#8220;A Preliminary Framework&#8221;, p.108<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then comes the second circle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;&#8230; The inner Asian Zone, consisting of tributary tribes and states of the nomadic or seminomadic peoples of Inner Asia, who were not ethnically and culturally non Chinese but were also outside or on the fringe of the Chinese culture area&#8230;&#8221;<\/p><cite><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Fairbank, &#8220;A Preliminary Framework&#8221;, p.108<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Third we have the last circle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;The Outer Zone, consisting of &#8216;outer barbarians&#8217; (wai-yi) [<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u5916\u5937 also external barbarians] generally, at a further distance over land and sea, including eventually Japan and other states of Southeast and South Asia and Europe that were supposed to send tribute when trading.&#8221;<\/p><cite><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Fairbank, &#8220;A Preliminary Framework&#8221;, p.108<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1568\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-1568x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30366\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-1568x205.jpg 1568w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-500x65.jpg 500w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-768x100.jpg 768w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-1536x201.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-2048x268.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-18x2.jpg 18w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-1320x172.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-250x33.jpg 250w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/offering-Ming-1038x136.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\" \/><figcaption>Portraits of Periodical Offering (Chinese official tributary documentary paintings) &#8211; Qing Dynasty: <em><em>Hu\u00e1ngq\u012bng Zh\u00edg\u00f2ngt\u00fa<\/em><\/em> by Xiesui (\u8b1d\u9042),&nbsp;18th century &#8211; Click here to access on <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/aa\/%E6%B8%85%E8%B0%A2%E9%81%82_%E3%80%8A%E8%81%8C%E8%B4%A1%E5%9B%BE%E3%80%8B.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wikimedia Media Viewer<\/a> or here for <a href=\"https:\/\/zoomviewer.toolforge.org\/index.php?f=%E6%B8%85%E8%B0%A2%E9%81%82%20%E3%80%8A%E8%81%8C%E8%B4%A1%E5%9B%BE%E3%80%8B.jpg&amp;flash=no\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Zoom Media Viewer<\/a> &#8211; for detailed pages see <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Huangqing_Zhigongtu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Central Asian States under the Qing, for example, also belonged to this circle (<meta charset=\"utf-8\">Hsiao-Ting Lin, &#8220;The Tributary System in China&#8217;s Historical Imagination&#8230;&#8221;, 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Communist theories of world order<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The encirclement of cities by rural areas<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"alignright size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tiananmen_palace_1967.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"666\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tiananmen_palace_1967.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tiananmen_palace_1967.jpg 666w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tiananmen_palace_1967-500x271.jpg 500w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tiananmen_palace_1967-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Tiananmen_palace_1967-250x136.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>&#8220;Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong, and Lin Biao waving copies of The Little Red Book at the Tiananmen Palace in Beijing&#8221;, 1st October 1967 (Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the Cultural Revolution, in September 1965, General Lin Biao, published his famous article &#8220;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/reference\/archive\/lin-biao\/1965\/09\/peoples_war\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Long Live the Victory of the People&#8217;s War!<\/a><\/em>&#8220;,  which defined the Chinese theory of the encirclement of the &#8220;cities&#8221; by the &#8220;rural areas&#8221;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lin Biao theorised that the revolutions that would increasingly take place in the rural world throughout the planet would end up fully encircling the cities that symbolised rich countries. The Popular Republic of China was of course part of the spreading and encircling rural areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mao&#8217;s Three Worlds<\/h4>\n\n\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-woocommerce-memberships-member-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"woocommerce\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"woocommerce-info wc-memberships-restriction-message wc-memberships-message wc-memberships-content-restricted-message\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>The remaining part of this article is for our <a style=\"color: #fff\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/product\/membership-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">members<\/a>. Make sure you get real analysis and not opinion, or, worse, fake news. Become one of our <a style=\"color: #fff\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/product\/membership-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">members<\/a> and access this article. <a style=\"color: #fff\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/my-account\/\">Log in<\/a> if you are a member.<\/p>\t\t    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bibliography<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Cohen, Raymond, &#8220;Threat Perception in International Crisis,&#8221; <em>Political Science Quarterly<\/em> 93, no. 1 (1978);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Cranmer-Byng, J. L., &#8220;The Chinese Perception of World Order&#8221;, <em>International Journal<\/em>, Winter, 1968\/1969, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Winter, 1968\/1969), pp. 166-171.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Fairbank, John \u039a., &#8220;A Preliminary Framework&#8221;, in <em>The Chinese World Order: Traditional China\u2019s Foreign Relations<\/em>, ed. <meta charset=\"utf-8\">John \u039a. Fairbank, Harvard University Press&nbsp;2013 (1968).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hsiao-Ting Lin, &#8220;The Tributary System in China&#8217;s Historical Imagination: China and Hunza, ca. 1760-1960&#8221;, <em>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society<\/em>, Third Series, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Oct., 2009), pp. 489-507 (19 pages).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Jervis, Robert, <em>Perception and Misperception in International Politics<\/em> (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976, 2d ed 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jiang Yonglin, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/journal-of-chinese-history\/article\/thinking-about-ming-china-anew-the-ethnocultural-space-in-a-diverse-empire-with-special-reference-to-the-miao-territory\/01AA6C28CD363E0E17383E44C1EE3568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thinking About \u201cMing China\u201d Anew: The Ethnocultural Space in a Diverse Empire &#8211; with Special Reference to the \u201cMiao Territory<\/a>&#8220;, <em>Journal of Chinese History<\/em>, 2 (2018), 27\u201378.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Schwak, Juliette, &#8220;Towards Post Western IRT: A Confucian reading of Northeast Asian international society&#8221;, <meta charset=\"utf-8\">Congr\u00e8s AFSP Aix 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zhang Feng, &#8220;Rethinking the \u2018Tribute System\u2019: Broadening the Conceptual Horizon of Historical East Asian Politics&#8221;, <em>Chinese Journal of International Politics<\/em>, Vol. 2, 2009, 545\u2013574<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zijia He, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.claremont.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;article=2963&amp;context=cmc_theses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Disparities between American and Chinese Perceptions on Chinese Foreign Policy<\/a>&#8220;, CMC SENIOR THESES, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">Wang Yuan-kang, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/homepages.wmich.edu\/~ymz8097\/articles\/wang_explaining%20the%20tribute%20system.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Explaining the Tribute System: Power, Confucianism, and War in Medieval East Asia<\/a>&#8220;,<em> Journal of East Asian Studies<\/em> 13 (2013), 207\u2013232<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(\u827a\u672f\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1aJean-Dominique Lavoix-Carli\uff09\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c06\u540e\u8005\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd ... <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30382,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2503,2497,2860,1078],"tags":[61,1789,3229,2424,1690,2452,1863],"class_list":["post-30326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-americas","category-china","category-featured","category-new-paradigm","tag-china","tag-featured","tag-foreign-relations","tag-international-order","tag-international-system","tag-international-world-order","tag-us","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>China&#039;s Perception of U.S. International Politics &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article focuses on the way China perceives US foreign relations. It argues this perception is built upon historical Chinese world orders\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2021\/09\/27\/\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China&#039;s Perception of U.S. International Politics &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article focuses on the way China perceives US foreign relations. It argues this perception is built upon historical Chinese world orders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2021\/09\/27\/\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Red Team Analysis Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Red-Team-Analysis\/341280995886057\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-27T15:28:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-27T15:31:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1568\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"941\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HLavoix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HLavoix\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u4f5c\u8005\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6886ef37ab2b2804bc70995f4ba653d4\"},\"headline\":\"China&#8217;s Perception of U.S. International Politics\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-27T15:28:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-27T15:31:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2764,\"commentCount\":3,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"China\",\"featured\",\"foreign relations\",\"international order\",\"international system\",\"international world order\",\"U.S.\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Americas\",\"China\",\"Featured\",\"International Order and New Paradigm\"],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/\",\"name\":\"China's Perception of U.S. International Politics &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-09-27T15:28:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-09-27T15:31:26+00:00\",\"description\":\"This article focuses on the way China perceives US foreign relations. It argues this perception is built upon historical Chinese world orders\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/27\\\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/09\\\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg\",\"width\":1568,\"height\":941},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Red Team Analysis Society\",\"description\":\"Strategic Foresight &amp; Early Warning \uff65 Political &amp; Geopolitical Risk \u00b7 Scenarios\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The Red Team Analysis Society\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/03\\\/logo-Sans-fond-interior-white-thick-circle-3-1-250.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/03\\\/logo-Sans-fond-interior-white-thick-circle-3-1-250.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":250,\"caption\":\"The Red Team Analysis Society\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/pages\\\/Red-Team-Analysis\\\/341280995886057\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/HLavoix\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/helenelavoix\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/5403964\\\/admin\\\/dashboard\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/6886ef37ab2b2804bc70995f4ba653d4\",\"name\":\"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)\",\"description\":\"Dr Helene Lavoix is President and Founder of The Red Team Analysis Society. She holds a PhD in political studies and a MSc in international politics of Asia (distinction) from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, as well as a Master in finance (valedictorian, Grande \u00c9cole, France). An expert in strategic foresight and early warning, especially for national and international security issues, she combines 30 years of experience in international relations and almost 20 years in strategic foresight and warning. Dr. Lavoix has lived and worked in five countries, conducted missions in 16 others, and trained high-level officers around the world, for example in Singapore and as part of European programs in Tunisia and Jordan. She has been a lecturer (Master level) and taught the methodology and practice of strategic foresight and early warning in prestigious institutions such as the RSIS in Singapore, SciencesPo-PSIA in France, the Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure des Forces de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Int\u00e9rieure in Tunisia and the ENA Tunis, Institute of Leadership. She regularly publishes on geopolitical issues, supply and uranium security, artificial intelligence, the international order, China\u2019s rise and other international security topics. Committed to the continuous improvement of foresight and warning methodologies, Dr. Lavoix combines academic expertise and field experience to anticipate the global challenges of tomorrow.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/HLavoix\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/redanalysis.org\\\/zh\\\/author\\\/helenelavoix-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5 \u2022 Red Team Analysis Society","description":"\u672c\u6587\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2021\/09\/27\/\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"China's Perception of U.S. International Politics &#8226; The Red Team Analysis Society","og_description":"This article focuses on the way China perceives US foreign relations. It argues this perception is built upon historical Chinese world orders","og_url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/2021\/09\/27\/\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\/","og_site_name":"The Red Team Analysis Society","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Red-Team-Analysis\/341280995886057","article_published_time":"2021-09-27T15:28:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-09-27T15:31:26+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1568,"height":941,"url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HLavoix","twitter_site":"@HLavoix","twitter_misc":{"\u4f5c\u8005":"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)","\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"13 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/"},"author":{"name":"Dr Helene Lavoix (MSc PhD Lond)","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#\/schema\/person\/6886ef37ab2b2804bc70995f4ba653d4"},"headline":"China&#8217;s Perception of U.S. International Politics","datePublished":"2021-09-27T15:28:14+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-27T15:31:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/"},"wordCount":2764,"commentCount":3,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg","keywords":["China","featured","foreign relations","international order","international system","international world order","U.S."],"articleSection":["Americas","China","Featured","International Order and New Paradigm"],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/","url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/","name":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5 \u2022 Red Team Analysis Society","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg","datePublished":"2021-09-27T15:28:14+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-27T15:31:26+00:00","description":"\u672c\u6587\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/2021\/09\/27\/china-perception-of-us-international-politics\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg","width":1568,"height":941},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/","name":"\u8fdc\u666f\u6d1e\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240","description":"\u6218\u7565\u524d\u77bb\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u9884\u8b66 \uff65 \u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u98ce\u9669 \u00b7 \u60c5\u666f\u5206\u6790","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#organization","name":"\u8fdc\u666f\u6d1e\u5bdf\u7814\u7a76\u6240","url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/logo-Sans-fond-interior-white-thick-circle-3-1-250.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/logo-Sans-fond-interior-white-thick-circle-3-1-250.png","width":250,"height":250,"caption":"The Red Team Analysis Society"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/Red-Team-Analysis\/341280995886057","https:\/\/x.com\/HLavoix","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/helenelavoix\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/5403964\/admin\/dashboard\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/#\/schema\/person\/6886ef37ab2b2804bc70995f4ba653d4","name":"Helene Lavoix \u535a\u58eb\uff08\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u3001\u535a\u58eb\uff09","description":"\u662f Red Team Analysis Society \u7684\u603b\u88c1\u517c\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3002\u5979\u62e5\u6709\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u4e9a\u975e\u5b66\u9662\uff08SOAS\uff09\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u548c\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u653f\u6cbb\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff08\u4f18\u5f02\u6210\u7ee9\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff08\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff09\u3002\r\n\r\n\u5979\u62e5\u6709 30 \u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u8fd1 20 \u5e74\u7684\u6218\u7565\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u9884\u8b66\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u662f\u6218\u7565\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u9884\u8b66\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u62c9\u6c83\u74e6\u535a\u58eb\u66fe\u5728\u4e94\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u5916 16 \u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u57f9\u8bad\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u548c\u7ea6\u65e6\u3002\r\n\r\n\u5979\u66fe\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761 RSIS\u3001SciencesPo-PSIA \u6216\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u56fd\u5185\u6cbb\u5b89\u90e8\u961f\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u548c\u822a\u5929\u5c40\u9886\u5bfc\u529b\u5b66\u9662\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u673a\u6784\u62c5\u4efb\u8bb2\u5e08\uff08\u7855\u58eb\uff09\uff0c\u8bb2\u6388\u6218\u7565\u524d\u77bb\u548c\u9884\u8b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\r\n\u5979\u5b9a\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u4f9b\u5e94\u548c\u94c0\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u9645\u5b89\u5168\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\r\n\r\n\u62c9\u6c83\u74e6\u535a\u58eb\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u9884\u8b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5b66\u672f\u4e13\u957f\u4e0e\u5b9e\u5730\u7ecf\u9a8c\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6218\u3002.","sameAs":["https:\/\/redanalysis.org","https:\/\/x.com\/HLavoix"],"url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/author\/helenelavoix-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-3\/"}]}},"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/How-China-view-USA-Version-A-Circles.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30326"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30326\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redanalysis.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}